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Flammable Liquids & Special-Hazard Enclosures

Fire suppression for evaluated flammable-liquid and special-hazard enclosures

Selected flammable-liquid hazards, test and process enclosures, machinery enclosures, and similar special hazards require project-specific evaluation of the fuels present, enclosure conditions, ignition sources, occupancy, ventilation, shutdown sequence, piping constraints, and the listed capabilities of the specific system.

Application principle

Every fuel and enclosure must be evaluated

FK-5-1-12 is not universally applicable to flammable-liquid or special hazards. Suitability depends on the fuel characteristics, the quantity and arrangement of fuel, enclosure conditions, ignition and reignition sources, occupancy, ventilation, applicable codes, the listed capabilities of the specific system configuration, and Authority Having Jurisdiction requirements.

Choosing the right suppression approach
Evaluated hazards

Hazards that may be evaluated for FK-5-1-12 protection

Flammable-liquid storage rooms
Mixing and dispensing rooms
Test cells and test enclosures
Engine and generator enclosures
Machinery enclosures
Process enclosures
Hydraulic and lubrication equipment rooms
Enclosed laboratory and test equipment

These examples are illustrative and are not a statement that FK-5-1-12 is suitable for a particular hazard. Each hazard requires fuel-specific design review against the listed capabilities of the specific system.

Project considerations

Information that supports a suppression-system review

Fuels present and their properties
Fuel quantity, containment, and spill potential
Fuel-specific design concentration
Ignition sources and hot surfaces
Reignition potential
Enclosure integrity and leakage
Enclosure volume and geometry
Occupancy and egress
Pre-discharge alarms and time delay
Fuel, process, and equipment shutdown
Ventilation and exhaust shutdown
Doors, dampers, penetrations, and openings
Pressure-relief requirements
Available cylinder-storage space
Piping routes and hydraulic limitations
Post-discharge ventilation and recovery
Applicable codes, listings, approvals, and AHJ requirements
This website provides general application information and does not perform project-specific hazard analysis or system design. Final design requires current controlled system documentation, approved design methods, qualified system design, and project acceptance by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Fuel-specific design

Class B hazards require fuel-specific design

Flammable liquids differ in the agent concentration needed to extinguish them. Design for a Class B hazard must be based on the specific fuels present and on the design methods and listed capabilities of the specific system configuration. A design that suits one fuel does not automatically suit another.

Hot surfaces, continuing fuel flow, and other reignition sources must be addressed through fuel shutoff, equipment shutdown, cooling time, and other measures coordinated with the system operating sequence.

Limitations

Hazards outside the system’s limits

FK-5-1-12 is not presented as protection for every special hazard. It is not used on fires involving:

Materials that contain their own oxidizer, such as cellulose nitrate
Reactive metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium
Metal hydrides
Chemicals capable of autothermal decomposition, such as certain organic peroxides

Hazards outside the listed and application limits of the specific system configuration require a different protection approach. The suppression system does not replace fuel containment, ventilation, process safety systems, ignition-source control, or other required safeguards.

Enclosure & ventilation

Enclosure and ventilation conditions matter

Total-flooding protection depends on the ability of the protected enclosure to establish and maintain the required agent concentration for the applicable design period. Openings, ventilation and exhaust systems, doors, access panels, penetrations, pressure effects, and leakage paths must be evaluated as part of the project design.

Ventilation and exhaust shutdown, fuel and process shutdown, damper operation, door position, pressure-relief venting, and post-discharge ventilation must be coordinated with the system operating sequence and applicable requirements.

Occupancy & sequence

Occupancy and operating sequence require project review

Pre-discharge alarm
Time delay
Egress
Manual release
Abort provisions where permitted
Fuel and process shutdowns
Ventilation and exhaust shutdown
Door and damper coordination
Emergency procedures
Warning signs
Post-discharge ventilation
Re-entry requirements
Occupied-space suitability depends on the design concentration, exposure duration, operating sequence, applicable personnel-safety requirements, system approval, and AHJ acceptance.
Available system

Where FK-5-1-12 may be considered

FK-5-1-12 is an engineered total-flooding clean-agent system that may be considered for evaluated flammable-liquid and special-hazard enclosures where the fuels present fall within the listed capabilities of the specific system configuration, and where enclosure conditions, design criteria, electrically non-conductive protection, no suppression-agent residue, available storage space, operating requirements, and configuration-specific approval requirements support its use.

FK-5-1-12 suppresses fire primarily through chemical interference with the combustion process, combined with heat absorption.

Review FK-5-1-12

Final suitability requires project-specific review using the current controlled system documentation.

Approval & documentation

Approval status varies by configuration

Approval & certification

Approval and certification status varies by system configuration, including container size, working pressure, component, arrangement, and jurisdiction. Approval of one configuration does not automatically extend to another.

Approval & certification status Document library
Discuss your flammable-liquid or special-hazard enclosure project
Share the fuels present, quantities, enclosure dimensions and details, ignition sources, occupancy, ventilation and exhaust conditions, shutdown requirements, storage-space limitations, piping information, and approval requirements with the DueNorth team.